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Praxis Path Blog

Everything you need to pass the Praxis 5331.

Honest, clinician-written guides on test structure, scoring, study strategy, and the topics that trip up the most SLP candidates. No fluff, no upsells in the middle of a sentence.

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7 min read

What Is the Praxis 5331? The SLP Certification Exam Explained

The Praxis 5331 is the single licensure exam standing between you and your CCC-SLP. Here's exactly what it is, who takes it, and how ETS structures the test.

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6 min read

How Hard Is the Praxis SLP Exam? A Realistic Breakdown

The good news: the national pass rate is high. The bad news: that statistic hides what actually trips people up. Here's an honest look at the 5331's difficulty.

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9 min read

SLP Recertification: The Complete ASHA CCC-SLP CEU Guide (2026)

30 CEUs every 3 years keeps you legally certified. It doesn't keep you broadly competent. Here's the full ASHA recertification playbook — plus the daily habit that closes the gap.

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6 min read

Praxis SLP Passing Score by State: The Full 50-State Breakdown

The rare case where the national number and the state number agree: 162 everywhere. Here's the full state-by-state breakdown and score-sending walkthrough.

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5 min read

Do I Need the Praxis for an SLP License? (Every US State)

Yes — in every US state. Here's the three-part licensure rule that applies everywhere, plus the exceptions for CCC-SLP holders, SLPAs, and international-trained SLPs.

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10 min read

How to Become a Speech Pathologist: The Complete 2026 Path

Six to eight years, five steps, and two exams-worth of paperwork. Here's the full path from undergrad prerequisites to a licensed, certified SLP.

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10 min read

The SLP Clinical Fellowship: Hours, Supervision & Timeline

The CF is a paid job with hour rules, supervision minimums, and paperwork that quietly goes wrong. Here's the complete rulebook before you sign an offer.

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Deep Dive

10 min read

How to Pass the Praxis 5331: All Three Content Areas Broken Down

ETS organizes the 132 questions into three weighted content areas. Knowing the breakdown — and the high-yield topics inside each — is the difference between studying smart and studying everything.

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9 min read

Praxis SLP Dysphagia Study Guide: Anatomy, Stages, and Must-Know Concepts

Dysphagia is the single biggest pain point on the 5331 — especially for students whose programs leaned pediatric. Here's the focused review you need.

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8 min read

Cranial Nerves on the Praxis SLP: The 6 You Must Know Cold

If you can't rattle off CN V, VII, IX, X, XI, and XII in your sleep, you'll lose easy points on the Praxis 5331. Here's the focused review.

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9 min read

Aphasia Subtypes on the Praxis SLP: The Boston Classification Cheat Sheet

Aphasia is one of the highest-yield Praxis 5331 topics. Memorize one matrix — fluency, comprehension, repetition — and most aphasia questions answer themselves.

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10 min read

Motor Speech Disorders on the Praxis SLP: Dysarthrias and Apraxia

Motor speech is guaranteed on the 5331. Lock in the seven dysarthrias by lesion site, plus the AOS vs. dysarthria differential the exam keeps testing.

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8 min read

10 Praxis 5331 Sample Questions With Full Rationales

Ten original, exam-style Praxis 5331 questions with the reasoning behind every answer. Use them as a diagnostic before your next study block.

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7 min read

Audiology on the Praxis SLP: The Focused Review

Audiology is a small but reliable slice of the 5331. If it was your least favorite class, this is the focused review that gets you those points.

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8 min read

Fluency & Stuttering on the Praxis SLP: The Complete Review

Fluency is one of the ASHA Big 9 and reliably tested. Master the differential, the numbers, and the evidence-based interventions.

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9 min read

Voice Disorders on the Praxis SLP: Pathology, Assessment, EBP

Voice disorders show up as differential diagnosis, instrumental assessment, and therapy selection. Here's the focused review that covers all three.

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10 min read

Pediatric Language on the Praxis SLP: DLD, ASD & Milestones

Pediatric language is a huge chunk of the 5331. Milestones, DLD, autism, Brown's morphemes, and dynamic assessment — the highest-yield review.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 vs. Other Praxis Tests: Which One Do SLPs Actually Take?

The Praxis brand covers 90+ exams and the naming confuses everyone. Here's which one SLPs actually take, and which similar-sounding tests to ignore.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 Score Percentiles: What Your Scaled Score Means

The Praxis 5331 is scored 100–200 with a 162 passing cut. Here's the scaled-score-to-percentile lookup and what a strong score actually means in practice.

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8 min read

Praxis 5331 AAC Guide: Everything You Need for Exam Day

AAC shows up across the Praxis 5331. Master the unaided/aided distinction, core vs. fringe vocabulary, access methods, and the ETS-preferred answers on AAC ethics.

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8 min read

Praxis 5331 Ethics Scenarios: 8 Case Studies with Reasoning

Ethics items are where candidates lose easy points. Here are 8 Praxis-style scenarios mapped to the ASHA Code of Ethics with the reasoning ETS wants you to apply.

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9 min read

Praxis 5331 Assessment Tools: The Complete SLP Reference

Assessment tools show up across the Praxis 5331 and grad programs teach 30+ of them. Here's the compact reference organized by domain, age, and purpose.

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8 min read

Praxis 5331 Bilingual Assessment: Difference vs. Disorder

Bilingual assessment is high-yield on the Praxis and underserved in grad programs. Master the difference vs. disorder rule, dynamic assessment, and interpreter protocols.

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8 min read

Praxis 5331 Research Methods & EBP: What to Know

Research questions are quietly high-yield on the 5331. Master the evidence hierarchy, reliability vs. validity, and the EBP triad — grad programs teach it once and never revisit.

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8 min read

Early Intervention on the Praxis 5331: 0–3 & IDEA Part C

EI is its own world on the 5331 — IFSPs not IEPs, family coaching not pull-out therapy. Here's the focused review of Part C, milestones, and Praxis answer patterns.

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9 min read

IEPs on the Praxis 5331: IDEA Part B, LRE & Team Roles

IEPs are the backbone of school-based SLP practice — and a reliable Praxis chunk. Here's the IDEA Part B framework the exam actually tests.

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9 min read

Medicare, Medicaid & Billing on the Praxis 5331

Reimbursement rules dominate real medical SLP work — and the Praxis tests the frameworks. Medicare A vs. B, skilled care, CPT/ICD-10, and the 8-minute rule.

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9 min read

Dementia on the Praxis SLP: Types, Assessment & Intervention

Dementia is a growing SLP area and a reliable Praxis chunk. Master the four major types, cognitive-communication assessment, and the evidence-based interventions.

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9 min read

Pediatric Dysphagia on the Praxis 5331: Infants to Kids

Pediatric feeding isn't adult dysphagia with a smaller mouth. Master infant anatomy, NICU populations, VFSS in kids, and sensory-based feeding therapy.

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8 min read

CF Supervision Requirements: The 18 Activities Explained

Hours are easy to count; supervisory activities are easy to under-document. Here's the exact standard, and how fellowships get invalidated.

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9 min read

Articulation vs. Phonology on the Praxis 5331: Patterns, Norms & Treatment

Suppression ages, stimulability, and picking the right treatment approach. The speech sound content the 5331 tests in case format.

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8 min read

Childhood Apraxia of Speech: The Praxis Differential Diagnosis

Three hallmark features, one clean differential table, and the motor learning principles that drive every CAS treatment item.

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9 min read

TBI and Right Hemisphere Damage: Cognitive-Communication on the Praxis

The clients with perfect grammar who still can't communicate. RHD, TBI, Rancho levels, and the treatment answers ETS prefers.

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8 min read

Cleft Palate and Resonance Disorders: A Praxis 5331 Guide

Structural or learned? That single call decides most resonance items. Here's the framework plus the compensatory errors you must name.

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9 min read

Autism and Social Communication Disorder on the Praxis 5331

The ASD/SCD/DLD differential, early red flags, and why the exam always favors naturalistic, family-centered intervention.

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9 min read

Literacy and Reading Disorders: The SLP's Role on the Praxis

Most candidates underprepare for literacy. Here's the reading model, the PA hierarchy, and the SLP's tested role in schools.

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8 min read

Speech and Language Milestones Every Praxis Candidate Must Know

1 word at 12 months, 2-word combos at 24, 3-word phrases at 36. Anchor to the round numbers and most pediatric items answer themselves.

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9 min read

MBSS vs. FEES: Instrumental Swallow Assessment on the Praxis

Which study do you order, and why? The decision rule, the findings vocabulary, and the maneuvers ETS keeps testing.

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8 min read

Hearing Loss and Cochlear Implants: What SLPs Need for the Praxis

Audiogram rules, tympanogram types, implant candidacy, and the hearing implications that change your speech-language plan.

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8 min read

Counseling and Cultural Responsiveness on the Praxis 5331

These items look soft but follow strict rules. Stay in scope, gather information, respect autonomy — and you'll answer most of them right.

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7 min read

Phonetics and IPA Transcription for the Praxis SLP Exam

Phonetics items are quiet points. Know place, manner, and voicing cold and they take seconds.

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7 min read

Language Sample Analysis: MLU, TTR, and Why the Praxis Loves It

When scores look fine but classroom language doesn't, the defensible answer is a language sample.

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7 min read

Standard Scores, Percentiles, and SEM: Score Interpretation for the Praxis

Score interpretation items are the most predictable points on the exam. Here are the numbers to memorize.

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7 min read

Tracheostomy and Ventilators: What SLPs Must Know for the Praxis

Cuff deflated before the valve goes on. That one rule is the most testable fact in the topic.

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7 min read

Head and Neck Cancer: Laryngectomy and Alaryngeal Speech on the Praxis

One surgery and three voice options cover nearly all head and neck cancer items on the 5331.

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8 min read

The Speech Mechanism: Respiration, Phonation, Resonance, Articulation

Speech is four subsystems. Most anatomy items just ask which one broke.

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8 min read

ALS, Parkinson's, and MS: Progressive Diseases on the Praxis SLP Exam

Restoration isn't the goal in progressive disease. Planning ahead is — and the exam knows it.

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8 min read

Aphasia Types: The Complete Classification Guide for SLPs

Every classic aphasia type falls out of three questions: is it fluent, is comprehension intact, is repetition intact? Here's the full map.

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8 min read

Dysarthria Types: A Complete SLP Reference

Each dysarthria type maps to a level of the motor system and has a distinct perceptual signature. Here is the Mayo classification, decoded.

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7 min read

Childhood Apraxia of Speech Explained

CAS is a motor planning disorder, not a phonological one — and the treatments do not transfer. Here's how to tell them apart.

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8 min read

Voice Disorders: Structural, Neurogenic & Functional

Is it tissue, nerve, or behavior? That one question organizes the entire voice differential.

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7 min read

Stuttering & Fluency Disorders: A Clinical Reference

Three stuttering-like disfluencies per 100 syllables is where description becomes diagnosis. Here's the rest of the picture.

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7 min read

Phonological Processes & Ages of Suppression

Phonological processes are normal — until they persist. The suppression ages are what turn description into diagnosis.

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8 min read

The Four Phases of Swallowing

Every dysphagia question reduces to two things: which phase broke, and what event failed. Here is the full sequence.

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7 min read

Right Hemisphere Disorder & Cognitive-Communication

RHD leaves the linguistic core intact and breaks everything wrapped around it: attention, pragmatics, prosody, and awareness.

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8 min read

SLP Salary in California: What SLPs Actually Earn

California pays SLPs among the highest wages in the country — and charges the most to live there. Here's the full picture.

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7 min read

SLP Starting Salary in 2026

Starting salary means two different numbers — and confusing them is why new grads feel underpaid.

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8 min read

The Total Cost of Becoming an SLP

Here is the full cost stack, from leveling coursework to your first license renewal, with nothing hidden.

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7 min read

Is SLP Grad School Worth It? The ROI Math

Usually yes — but the margin depends almost entirely on two decisions you make before you enroll.

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8 min read

The Highest-Paying SLP Jobs

Same license, wildly different pay. Setting explains more of an SLP's income than experience does.

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7 min read

School vs. Medical SLP Salary

A $78K school contract can out-earn an $88K hospital job per day worked. Here's how to run the comparison.

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6 min read

SLP Salary vs. Cost of Living: Where the Money Goes Furthest

The highest-paying states are rarely the best-paying states once housing and taxes come out.

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6 min read

What the Praxis 5331 Really Costs You

The registration fee is almost irrelevant. The real cost of the Praxis is measured in delayed start dates.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 vs. NES: Which Exam Do SLPs Actually Need?

Only one of these two national tests leads to the CCC-SLP. Here's how to tell them apart.

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7 min read

CCC-SLP vs. State License: What's the Difference?

One is legal permission to practice. The other is the national standard employers expect.

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6 min read

Praxis vs. edTPA for SLPs

A knowledge exam and a teaching portfolio measure completely different things.

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6 min read

Praxis Core vs. Praxis 5331

Both are ETS tests booked from the same account. Only one leads to your SLP license.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 vs. Your Program's Comprehensive Exam

Passing comps proves you learned your program. The Praxis asks a different question.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 vs. Teacher Certification for School SLPs

Two agencies, two credentials, and only one of them cares about the Praxis.

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6 min read

CCC-SLP vs. Board Certified Specialist

The CCC is the credential you need. Board certification is the one you earn later.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 vs. International SLP Credentials

Credentials don't cross borders automatically. The Praxis is one step in a longer equivalency process.

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8 min read

Do SLP Programs Still Require the GRE?

Most CSD programs are now test-optional. Here's how to tell whether a GRE score will help your file — or waste 80 hours.

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9 min read

SLP Grad School Application Timeline

Most applicants lose points on logistics, not credentials. Here's the full cycle mapped backward from December deadlines.

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9 min read

SLP Prerequisite & Leveling Courses

Career changers need six to nine CSD courses plus statistics. Here's the full list, the sequence, and the fine print.

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8 min read

Online SLP Master's Programs

Distance SLP programs lead to the same license. The variable that decides whether yours works is clinical placement support.

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9 min read

How to Interpret an MBSS: A Clinical Guide for SLPs

An MBSS is not a pass/fail aspiration test. It tells you why the swallow is breaking down — and lets you test the fix under fluoroscopy.

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9 min read

Voice Therapy Techniques: A Clinical Reference

Voice therapy is four families of technique, and choosing correctly depends entirely on what is causing the dysphonia.

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9 min read

AAC Device Selection: A Feature-Matching Guide

You profile the person first and pick the device second. Reverse that order and you get abandonment.

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9 min read

Autism Assessment Tools for SLPs

No single tool diagnoses autism. Here's what each instrument does and what the SLP contributes to the team decision.

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9 min read

Language Sample Analysis: MLU, TTR & More

A standardized test shows how a child handles someone else's items. A language sample shows what they actually do with language.

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8 min read

Speech Sound Development Norms Chart

Three reference sets answer the age-appropriateness question: acquisition ages, process suppression ages, and intelligibility norms.

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8 min read

The Oral Mechanism Exam, Step by Step

Ten minutes of structured looking answers a question no standardized test can: are the structures adequate for speech?

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9 min read

SLP Treatment Approaches: The Complete Map

A map of every major SLP intervention, the population it fits, and the guide that explains how to run it.

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10 min read

Articulation Therapy: Hierarchy, Minimal Pairs & Dose

Motor approach or phonological approach? Choosing correctly is the difference between a plan that generalizes and one that stalls.

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8 min read

The Cycles Approach: Structure, Dose & Candidacy

Cycles does not drill a sound to mastery. It stimulates emerging patterns in waves, the way phonology actually develops.

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9 min read

CAS Treatment: DTTC, PROMPT & ReST

CAS is a motor planning disorder, so treatment has to be motor treatment: intensive, repetitive, multimodal, and faded systematically.

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10 min read

Aphasia Treatment Approaches: SFA to Script Training

Restorative work repairs impaired language processes; participation work gets the person communicating today. Good plans run both.

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9 min read

LSVT LOUD vs. SPEAK OUT! for Parkinson's Dysarthria

Both programs attack the same problem: patients with Parkinson's believe they are speaking at a normal volume when they are not.

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10 min read

Stuttering Treatment: Lidcombe, Camperdown & Modification

For preschoolers the goal is usually fluency. For older clients the goal is communicating freely — and the covert layer is often the bigger disability.

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9 min read

Hanen & Parent Coaching in Early Intervention

A toddler sees a clinician an hour a week and a caregiver eighty. That arithmetic is the whole argument for coaching.

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10 min read

Dysphagia Exercises & Maneuvers: A Clinical Guide

Compensations change how the bolus behaves now; exercises change physiology — but only when matched to what the instrumental exam showed.

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11 min read

SLP CPT Codes: The Working Reference for Speech Therapy Billing

What each SLP CPT code covers, which ones are timed, and the pairing and modifier rules that cause most denials.

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10 min read

SLP SOAP Notes: Templates, Skilled Language & Documentation That Pays

A daily note has one job: prove a skilled SLP was required. Here are the templates and the phrasing that hold up under audit.

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11 min read

Medicare Part B for SLPs: Thresholds, the KX Modifier & Plans of Care

Part B sets the rules most commercial payers copy. Understand certification, progress reporting, and the KX modifier and you understand medical billing.

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10 min read

Insurance Denials & Appeals for SLPs: How to Get Claims Paid

A denial is not a verdict. Identify which kind you have, because administrative and medical-necessity denials need completely different responses.

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9 min read

ICD-10 Codes for SLPs: Diagnosis Coding That Supports Coverage

CPT says what you did; ICD-10 says why it was necessary. Coding to the wrong specificity denies otherwise perfect claims.

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9 min read

Writing SLP Evaluation Reports That Hold Up

The evaluation report authorizes services and sets the goals you will be measured against for months. Write it for the reader who disagrees with you.

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7 min read

Dialect vs. Disorder in Speech-Language Pathology

A dialect is not a disorder. Here's how to use contrastive analysis to separate rule-governed dialect features from true speech and language impairment.

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7 min read

Spanish-Speaking Assessment for SLPs: Tools & Best Practices

English-only tests misidentify Spanish-speaking children. Use bilingual instruments, total conceptual vocabulary, dynamic assessment, and trained interpreters.

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7 min read

Working With Interpreters in Speech-Language Pathology

A trained interpreter is part of the SLP team. Family members should not interpret. Here's the full protocol for accurate, ethical sessions.

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7 min read

Dynamic Assessment for Bilingual Children in SLP

Dynamic assessment measures learning potential, not just current knowledge. It's one of the best ways to reduce over-identification of bilingual children.

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8 min read

ELL Eligibility for Speech Services: Difference vs. Disorder

ELLs are both over-referred and under-referred. Here's the decision framework to tell typical second-language acquisition from a true speech or language disorder.

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8 min read

SLPA Requirements by State: A Complete Guide for 2026

Some states require SLPA licensure, some accept ASHA C-SLPA, and others have no broad credential. Here's how to check your state's requirements.

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7 min read

SLPA Salary Guide: How Much Speech-Language Pathology Assistants Make in 2026

SLPAs earn between roughly $35,000 and $72,000 depending on setting, location, and experience. Here's what to expect and how to maximize pay.

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8 min read

SLPA Programs: How to Choose the Right One in 2026

Choosing an SLPA program means checking state approval, ASHA recognition, clinical placements, and transferability. Here's what matters most.

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9 min read

SLPA to SLP Bridge: How to Become a Licensed Speech-Language Pathologist

From SLPA to licensed SLP: complete prerequisites, earn a master's, finish a clinical fellowship, and pass the Praxis 5331. Here's the full roadmap.

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6 min read

Speech Delay vs. Language Delay: What Parents Need to Know

Speech delay is about sound production. Language delay is about understanding and using words. Here's how to tell them apart and when to seek help.

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6 min read

When to See a Speech-Language Pathologist: A Parent's Guide

From 12 months to 3 years, these are the developmental signs that tell you it's time to contact a speech-language pathologist.

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6 min read

Is My 2-Year-Old Behind? Speech and Language Milestones

By age 2, most children use 50+ words and combine two words. If your child is not doing this, an evaluation may help.

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7 min read

How Much Does Speech Therapy Cost? A Parent's Guide to Pricing

Private speech therapy can cost $75-$250 per session, but school and early intervention services are often free or low-cost.

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7 min read

Eligibility Criteria vs. Medical Diagnosis for School-Based SLP Services

Schools use educational impact, not just diagnosis, to decide who receives speech-language services. Here's what every SLP and parent should know.

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6 min read

IEP vs. 504 Plan for SLPs: What's the Difference?

IEPs provide special education services under IDEA. 504 plans provide accommodations under Section 504. The difference shapes what SLPs do.

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7 min read

Speech Therapy Dismissal Criteria: When to Discharge a Student

Dismissal should be a data-driven decision, not a reaction to caseload pressure. Here's how to know when a student is ready to exit.

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8 min read

Workload vs. Caseload Models for School SLPs

Caseload counts students; workload counts every duty that goes into serving them. The difference affects staffing, compliance, and burnout.

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Logistics

5 min read

How to Read Your Praxis SLP Score Report and Understand Passing Scores

ETS scoring isn't intuitive. Why is the scale 100–200? What's the ASHA passing score? Here's how to actually read what you get back.

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6 min read

Taking the Praxis SLP at Home: Rules, Setup, and What to Expect

At-home testing saves a trip — but the rules are stricter than most candidates realize. Don't get your test voided over a water bottle.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 Test Day: Checklist, Timing, and How to Beat the Anxiety

Test day shouldn't be the variable that decides your score. Here's the night-before, morning-of, and in-the-test checklist for the 5331.

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8 min read

How Long Is the SLP Praxis Exam? Timing, Questions, and Pacing

132 questions in 150 minutes, no scheduled break. Here's the pacing plan that keeps you from running out of time in the last 20 items.

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6 min read

How to Register for the Praxis SLP (5331): Step-by-Step (2026)

Registration is 15 minutes online. Getting the timing right is the harder part. Here's the ETS walkthrough plus the 3 timing rules that matter.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 Retake Policy: How Soon Can You Retake?

You can retake the Praxis 5331 after 28 days. Here's the policy, the cost per attempt, what state boards actually see, and how to make the second try count.

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6 min read

How Much Does the Praxis 5331 Cost? Full 2026 Breakdown

The $146 registration fee is just the start. Between score reports, state licensure, ASHA dues, and prep, most SLPs spend $375–$1,200 total. Here's where each dollar goes.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 vs. Clinical Fellowship: How They Fit Together

The Praxis and the CF test different things and happen in a specific order. Here's exactly how they fit together — and when you need each one done.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 Testing Accommodations: The Complete ADA Guide

ETS provides ADA accommodations for the Praxis 5331: extended time, separate room, screen readers, nursing breaks. Here's the complete list and how to apply.

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5 min read

Canceling Your Praxis 5331 Score: When It Makes Sense

You get about 60 seconds after the Praxis 5331 to cancel your score before seeing it. Here's how the option works and when it's the right call.

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8 min read

The ASHA CCC-SLP Application: Documents, Order & Delays

The last administrative step of a seven-year path, and the one most likely to stall over a missing transcript. Here's the document checklist and the right order.

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8 min read

The ASLP-IC Interstate Compact: Practice Across State Lines

One home license, a privilege per member state, and no second full application. Here's who qualifies for the compact — and who doesn't.

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8 min read

SLP License Reciprocity: What Actually Transfers Between States

Most states don't offer real reciprocity — they offer endorsement. Here's the difference, what documents move with you, and how long each route takes.

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8 min read

CCC-SLP Requirements: The Complete Certification Checklist

Four requirements, each with a detail that quietly sinks applications. Here's the checklist in the order you'll actually complete it.

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7 min read

ASHA CEU Requirements vs. State License Renewal

30 hours per three-year interval for ASHA — and a completely separate set of hours for your state. Here's the system that keeps both current.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 Score Review / Appeal: Is It Worth It?

A score review rarely changes a Praxis score, but it can make sense in a few narrow situations. Here's when to request one — and when to retake instead.

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6 min read

How Many Questions Do You Need to Pass the Praxis 5331?

Passing the Praxis 5331 usually takes about 75–80 correct answers out of 132. Here's how the raw-to-scaled conversion works and what it means for retakers.

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6 min read

NTE vs Praxis: The History of the SLP Credentialing Exam

Before the Praxis 5331, many SLPs took the NTE. Here's how the exam evolved and why the scaled-score model has stayed the same.

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7 min read

How ETS Writes the Praxis 5331: Test Development Explained

ETS does not pull 5331 questions out of thin air. Here is how SLP item writers, peer review, field testing, and equating shape the exam.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 Unofficial vs Official Scores: What to Expect

Unofficial scores are immediate, but official scores are what count. Here is the difference and when to expect your final Praxis 5331 result.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 Scaled Score Explained: Raw to 100–200

Your Praxis 5331 score is not the number of questions you got right. Here is how ETS converts raw scores into the 100–200 scaled score.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 Test Specifications: The Official ETS Breakdown

The ETS test specifications are the official blueprint for the 5331. Here's how to use them as your study checklist.

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6 min read

How to Read Your Praxis 5331 Score Report: ETS QSR Breakdown

ETS reports more than just a number. Here is how to read each section of your Praxis 5331 score report and what it means for licensure.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 Registration Fees, Rescheduling, and Refund Policy

Registering for the 5331 is straightforward, but the fees and rescheduling rules can be expensive if you miss them. Here is what to know.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 Test Center Rules: ID, Arrival, and What to Bring

Your exam fee is protected only if you follow ETS test center rules. Here is what ID to bring, when to arrive, and what to leave behind.

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6 min read

The Night Before the Praxis 5331: What to Do (and Not Do)

Nothing you learn in the final twelve hours beats what bad sleep takes away. Here is the night-before plan.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 Test-Day Morning Routine

A rehearsed morning removes a dozen decisions and saves your attention for the exam.

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6 min read

What to Expect at the Praxis 5331 Test Center

Most test-day anxiety comes from not knowing the room. Here is the whole appointment, start to finish.

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6 min read

What to Do Right After You Finish the Praxis 5331

The hour, week, and month after your exam determine how fast your license actually moves.

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8 min read

The CSDCAS Application, Step by Step

Submitting is not the deadline — verification is. Here's how to get through CSDCAS without losing three weeks.

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9 min read

School Medicaid Billing for SLPs: Consent, Logs & Compliance

The revenue goes to the district, but the paperwork lands on your caseload. Here is what school Medicaid actually requires.

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7 min read

Praxis 5342 Audiology Guide: The Adjacent Exam to the SLP Praxis

The Praxis 5342 is the audiology counterpart to the SLP Praxis. Here's what the exam looks like and why it matters for SLPs.

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7 min read

SLPA Exam Guide: ASHA Certification and State Tests

SLPA certification varies by state. Some states use ASHA's exam; others use state-specific tests. Here's what candidates need to know.

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State Jurisprudence Exams for SLPs: What to Expect

After the Praxis 5331, many states require a jurisprudence exam on their laws and ethics. Here's how to pass it.

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Strategy

7 min read

The Best Free Praxis SLP Practice Tests and Study Resources

There's a surprising amount of high-quality free 5331 prep out there if you know where to look. Here's the curated list — plus what to skip.

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6 min read

What Happens If You Fail the Praxis SLP? Your Next Steps for Retaking

First: breathe. Failing the 5331 is more common than the pass-rate numbers suggest, and almost everyone passes on attempt two. Here's the playbook.

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9 min read

The 8-Week Praxis 5331 Study Plan That Actually Works

Most candidates either over-study one area or under-study everything. This 8-week plan balances content review, application questions, and timed practice.

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6 min read

Praxis Path vs. Mometrix: Which 5331 Prep Is Actually Worth It?

Mometrix is the cheap, ubiquitous option. Praxis Path is the SLP-specific one. Here's an honest side-by-side — including where Mometrix is the better pick.

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5 min read

Praxis Path vs. ASHA Praxis Prep: All-in-One vs. Question Bank

ASHA's question bank feels official — but it's a bank, not a course. Here's how it compares to a purpose-built all-in-one platform.

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6 min read

Praxis Path vs. Medbridge: Exam Prep vs. Clinical CE

Medbridge is great for deep clinical learning. It's the wrong tool for the 5331. Here's why — and how to use both together if you already have access.

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6 min read

Praxis Path vs. TherapyEd: Digital System vs. The Big Teal Book

TherapyEd is the encyclopedic teal book on every grad-school shelf. Praxis Path is the focused digital system. Here's which one actually fits your study window.

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5 min read

Praxis Path vs. Khan Academy: Can Free Cover the SLP 5331?

Khan Academy is free and world-class — but has zero SLP content. Here's what it can and can't do for your 5331 prep, and where Praxis Path fills the gap.

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6 min read

Praxis Path vs. Fripty: Which SLP 5331 Prep Wins in 2026?

Fripty is the newer video-first option. Praxis Path is the scenario-question-first one. Here's an honest side-by-side to help you pick.

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5 min read

Where to Find Free Praxis SLP Practice Questions (Ranked)

Free Praxis 5331 questions are everywhere and most are junk. Here are the genuinely useful free sources, ranked — and what to skip.

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7 min read

Praxis SLP Memorization: 7 Techniques That Actually Stick

A third of the 5331 rewards raw recall. Here are the mnemonics, spacing tactics, and 150-fact list that actually make things stick.

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6 min read

Praxis SLP Last-Minute Review: The 48-Hour Triage Plan

You can't learn much new content in two days, but you can shore up high-yield recall and walk in calmer. Here's the 48-hour plan.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 in 2 Weeks: A Focused SLP Study Plan

Two weeks is tight but workable if you triage. Here's the day-by-day plan — 32 hours total, 70% on Assessment + Intervention, 3 full-length practice tests.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 in 4 Weeks: The Balanced SLP Study Plan

Four weeks is the sweet spot for most working candidates — enough time to cover every domain without burning out. Here's the week-by-week schedule.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 Test Anxiety: Evidence-Based Techniques for SLPs

Praxis anxiety is a performance problem, not a knowledge problem. Here's what it does to your score and a 4-week plan of evidence-based techniques to manage it.

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6 min read

When to Take the Praxis 5331 During Grad School

Take it too early and you haven't covered the material. Too late and it holds up CF. Here's the ideal Praxis 5331 timing for SLP grad students, semester by semester.

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8 min read

School-Based vs. Medical SLP: Which Career Path Fits You?

School and medical SLP roles differ on pay, hours, caseload, and documentation. Here's the full comparison — and how the choice should sharpen your Praxis prep.

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7 min read

The Summer Praxis 5331 Study Plan for SLPs

Summer is prime Praxis season for spring grads and school-based SLPs. Here's a plan that respects travel, lighter clinical loads, and August CF start dates.

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7 min read

The Praxis 5331 Guide for SLPAs Becoming SLPs

Your SLPA experience is an advantage on peds, ethics, and documentation — but the 5331 is 60% medical SLP. Here's the study strategy that turns experience into a pass.

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8 min read

The Praxis 5331 Guide for International SLPs

The Praxis is US-normed — even excellent SLPs trained abroad run into unfamiliar law, ethics, and tools. Here's the pathway and the study strategy that closes the gap.

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8 min read

SLP Salary by State: How to Read the Numbers Before You Negotiate

The same credential is worth very different money depending on state, setting, and contract days. Here's how to compare offers without getting fooled.

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7 min read

SLP Job Outlook: Where the Demand Actually Is

Growth is real, but it's not evenly distributed. Here's where the openings actually are and which skills move you to the front of the pile.

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9 min read

SLP Grad School Requirements: Prerequisites, GPA & Observation Hours

Grad admission is the hardest gate in the whole path. Here are the prerequisites, GPA benchmarks, and what actually makes an application stand out.

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8 min read

School SLP Jobs: What the Role Actually Involves in 2026

Eligibility isn't diagnosis, and the caseload number in the job posting isn't the job. Here's how to read a school SLP offer.

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9 min read

Medical SLP Careers: Acute, Rehab, SNF, and Outpatient Compared

Six settings wear the same 'medical SLP' label and none of them are the same job. Here's how they differ and which one to target.

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7 min read

Travel SLP Jobs: How to Read the Pay Package

That $2,000 week is $50/hour blended — before you fund your own benefits. Here's how to compare travel offers honestly.

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8 min read

SLP Caseload vs. Workload: The Numbers That Predict Burnout

48 students can be two completely different jobs. Workload math is how you tell them apart — and how you make the case to administration.

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8 min read

Starting an SLP Private Practice: The Setup Checklist

The clinicians who succeed set up billing, contracts, and referral flow before client number one. Here's the checklist.

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7 min read

Teletherapy SLP Jobs: Licensure, Platforms, and Pay

Licensure follows the client, not you. That single rule decides which remote SLP jobs you can legally take.

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7 min read

Early Intervention SLP: IFSP, Coaching, and the Birth-to-Three Caseload

The family is the unit of service. Here's how birth-to-three practice works — and why Praxis items love the IFSP/IEP contrast.

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8 min read

Acute Care SLP: A Day in the Hospital Setting

Chart review, bedside eval, diet order, discharge recommendation — repeat. Here's the fastest medical SLP setting, honestly described.

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7 min read

SLPA vs. SLP: Scope, Supervision, and Career Path

Assistants implement; SLPs decide. That one line answers most scope questions — on the job and on the Praxis.

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7 min read

Goal Writing and Documentation: SOAP Notes, IEP Goals, and Skilled Service

Four plausible goals, one right answer. It's always the measurable, functional one.

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8 min read

Praxis 5331 Retake Study Plan: 4–6 Weeks to a Passing Score

A retake plan should be diagnostic, not just a shorter repeat of your first prep. Here's how to fix the gap in 4–6 weeks.

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7 min read

How to Raise Your Praxis 5331 Score by 10 Points on the Retake

A 10-point scaled gain is usually 5–8 raw questions. Here's how to close that gap in 4 weeks without relearning the entire exam.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 Retake Anxiety: How to Stay Calm the Second Time

Retake anxiety is different from first-time nerves. Here's how to train yourself to stay calm, focused, and pass on attempt two.

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6 min read

Praxis 5331 Retake Statistics: How Many People Pass on the Second Try?

Most Praxis 5331 candidates who retake pass on attempt two. Here's what the data suggests and how to prepare differently the second time.

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7 min read

When Should You Retake the Praxis 5331? Timing Guide by Score

Your score tells you how long to wait. A 161 needs 2–4 weeks; a 148 needs 10+. Here's the timing guide.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 Retake vs. First Attempt: How to Study Differently

A retake is not a shorter version of first-time prep. Here's how to shift from broad review to targeted, question-first preparation.

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8 min read

SLP Interview Questions and Answers: School & Medical Settings

SLP interviews test clinical reasoning, collaboration, and documentation. Here are the most common questions and how to answer them.

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7 min read

SLP Resume Writing Guide for New Grads and Career Changers

A strong SLP resume shows clinical outcomes, not just job duties. Here's how to write one that opens doors.

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6 min read

SLP Cover Letter Guide: Template and Examples for 2026

A cover letter should add context to your resume, not repeat it. Here is a 4-paragraph structure and examples for SLPs.

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7 min read

Clinical Fellowship Interview Tips: Choosing the Right CF Supervisor

Your CF supervisor shapes your first 1,260 hours. Here's how to interview them as carefully as they interview you.

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7 min read

SLP Salary Negotiation Guide for New Grads and Experienced Clinicians

Salary is not the only thing you can negotiate. CEUs, supervision, schedule, and bonuses can all be on the table.

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7 min read

First-Year SLP Advice: 8 Tips for a Strong Start

Your first year as an SLP is about building systems, not being perfect. Here are 8 tips to start strong.

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8 min read

New Grad SLP Job Search Strategy: Find the Right First Job

A structured job search beats applying everywhere. Here's how to find the right first SLP job and evaluate offers.

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7 min read

Switching SLP Settings: How to Transition Your Career

Your CCC-SLP transfers across settings. Here's how to move from school to medical, medical to teletherapy, or any other SLP transition.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 Time Management: Pacing 132 Questions in 150 Minutes

Most people who fail the 5331 run out of time, not knowledge. Here is the pacing plan that fixes it.

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7 min read

How to Triage Hard Questions on the Praxis 5331

Every question is worth the same point. Triage is how you bank all the ones you can actually answer.

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6 min read

Should You Guess on the Praxis 5331? Yes — Here's How

Blank answers are the only strictly irrational choice on this exam. Here is how to guess well.

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7 min read

Praxis 5331 Final Week Study Plan (Day-by-Day)

The last seven days are for consolidation, not new content. Here is exactly what to do each day.

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6 min read

Test-Day Anxiety Management for the Praxis 5331

Anxiety does not mean you are underprepared. Here is how to keep it from eating your working memory.

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9 min read

How to Get Into SLP Grad School With a Low GPA

A weak cumulative GPA is survivable. Here's the exact sequence that turns a rejected file into an admitted one.

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8 min read

CSD Undergrad vs. Post-Bacc

Both routes reach the same master's programs. The right one depends on how many credits — and how much GPA repair — you need.

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8 min read

SLP Grad School Acceptance Rates

Cohorts are capped by clinical supervision, not demand. That single fact should shape your entire application strategy.

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9 min read

SLP Productivity Standards Explained (and How to Negotiate Them)

Productivity is the number one reason clinicians leave a job they otherwise liked. Understanding how it is calculated is how you negotiate it.

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