Deep Dive · 7 min read
Working With Interpreters in Speech-Language Pathology
A trained interpreter is part of the SLP team. Family members should not interpret. Here's the full protocol for accurate, ethical sessions.
Cross-checked against the current ETS Praxis 5331 Speech-Language Pathology Test at a Glance and ASHA CCC-SLP standards.
Quick answer
SLPs should use trained interpreters, not family members, when assessing or treating clients who do not speak English. Best practice includes pre-session briefing, speaking directly to the client, using short sentences, and debriefing afterward. Remote interpretation is acceptable when privacy-compliant and high-quality.
- Children and family members should not serve as interpreters
- Pre-brief the interpreter on goals and terminology
- Speak directly to the client, not the interpreter
- Use HIPAA/FERPA-compliant remote interpretation when needed
When a bilingual SLP is unavailable, a trained interpreter becomes a critical member of the assessment and treatment team. Done well, interpreter-mediated services are accurate and ethical. Done poorly, they introduce errors, confidentiality breaches, and family discomfort.
Why trained interpreters matter
Family members, especially children, should almost never serve as interpreters. They may omit information, add emotion, confuse clinical terms, and create a dual relationship. A trained interpreter is neutral, confidential, and trained in consecutive interpretation — waiting for the speaker to finish before translating.
Pre-session briefing
Before the family arrives, brief the interpreter on the purpose of the session, the target language, any specialized terminology, and the plan for note-taking. Clarify that the interpreter should interpret everything said, not summarize or edit.
- Explain the session goals and clinical context.
- Review key terms (e.g., "aphasia," "dysphagia," "stuttering").
- Discuss seating arrangement and eye contact expectations.
- Confirm confidentiality and informed consent.
During the session
- Speak directly to the family. Look at the parent or patient, not the interpreter. Say, "Tell me how long he has been stuttering," not "Ask her how long he has been stuttering."
- Use short sentences and pause. Interpreters need time to process and translate accurately.
- Avoid jargon and idioms. "Running out of steam" may not translate literally.
- Pause for interpretation after every few sentences.Long monologues increase error rates.
Post-session debrief
After the family leaves, ask the interpreter about any cultural nuances, nonverbal cues, or translation challenges. Document the interpreter's name, credentials, and the languages used.
Remote interpretation options
Video remote interpretation (VRI) and over-the-phone interpretation (OPI) are acceptable when qualified in-person interpreters are unavailable. Ensure the platform is HIPAA or FERPA compliant, that the camera and audio are high quality, and that the interpreter can see the speaker's face and mouth when needed for speech assessment.
Ethical considerations
- ASHA's Code of Ethics requires culturally and linguistically appropriate services.
- IDEA requires assessment "in the language and form most likely to yield accurate information."
- Informed consent must be obtained in the family's primary language.
Praxis 5331 test angle
Expect questions that ask you to choose the most appropriate next step when a bilingual child needs evaluation. The correct answer usually involves a trained interpreter or bilingual evaluator, not a family member, and not postponing services until the child learns more English.
Frequently asked questions
- Can a family member interpret in speech therapy?
- No. Family members, especially children, should not interpret because of confidentiality, accuracy, and dual-relationship concerns.
- What should I cover in a pre-session interpreter briefing?
- Explain the session goals, key terminology, confidentiality expectations, the plan for note-taking, and that the interpreter should translate everything without summarizing.
- Is remote interpretation allowed?
- Yes, if the platform is HIPAA or FERPA compliant and the audio and video quality are sufficient for the clinical task.
- How do I document interpreter use?
- Record the interpreter's name, credentials, language provided, and any post-session cultural or linguistic observations.
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